סאפונינים סטרואידליים* (בעיקר protodioscin ו-prototribestin), פלבונואידים (quercetin ונגזרות kaempferol, ביניהן tribuloside), פיטוסטרוֹלים (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol).

*עלי קוטב מצוי מכילים ריכוז גבוה יותר של סאפונינים סטרואידליים מאשר הפירות. 

הרכיב protodioscin מצוי בריכוז הגבוה ביותר בעלי קוטב מצוי שמקורם בבולגריה, טורקיה ומקדוניה (כפול מגידולים ממדינות אחרות ברחבי העולם)(1-5).

לעומת זאת, בגידולים שמוצאם בוייטנאם והודו, לא נמצאו הרכיבים tribestin ו-prototribestin, אך ריכוז הרכיב tribulosin היה גבוה פי 50-150 מגידולים שמוצאת במדינות האירופאיות המוזכרות לעיל(5-6).
 

הערה: הפירות עשויים להכיל אלקלואידים אנדוליים (harman, harmine). 

פעילות רפואית מוכחת מחקרית:

מגביר און גברי, משפר תפקוד מיני, מגביר כמות זרע, מפחית שומנים בדם, מפחית לחץ דם, משתן . תסמונת גיל המעבר (מנופאוזה), לחץ דם גבוה, אבנים בדרכי השתן.

מקורות מחקריים

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