סרפד הינו עשב רב או חד שנתי (כתלות במין), הגדל באזורים רבים בעלי אקלים ממוזג ברחבי העולם. סרפד צורב גדל בר בישראל.
שם הסוג הבוטני (Urtica) נגזר מהמילה הלטינית uro, שפירושה ׳לשרוף׳. שם זה מתייחס לתחושה הצורבת במגע עור עם עלי סרפד טריים.
רכיבים פעילים עיקריים בעלים
פלבונואידים (1-2% סה״כ, ביניהם rutin, quercetin, kaemferol, isohamnetin), סטרולים, פנולים (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid), קומרינים (scopoletin), קרוטנואידים (lutein, β-carotene, xanthophylls, violaxanthin, lycopene), כלורופיל (0.3-1% בצמח היבש), מינרלים (כ- 1-4% צורן/סיליקון, 0.6-3.7% אשלגן), ויטמינים (C, B2, B5, K1).
פעילות רפואית מוכחת מחקרית:
משתן (מטבולי, אוסמוטי), אלטרנטיבי, מפחית סוכר בדם, מכווץ, גלקטגוג, נוגד אלרגיה, נוגד דלקת, נוגד אנמיה.
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